Definition
Clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or nail clubbing, is a physical sign characterized by the bulbous enlargement of the ends of one or more fingers or toes.
Pathophysiology
Proliferation and edema of connective tissue result in the loss of the normal angle between the skin and nail plate and excessive sponginess of the nail base.
Grades
Grade 1 : Fluctuation and softening of the nail bed
Grade 2: Loss of the hyponychial angle
Grade 3: Accentuated convexity of the nail (Parrot beak appearance, Drumstick appearance)
Grade 4: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
This video shows the grade 3 clubbing with parrot beak appearance. Please subscribe to our YouTube Channel Extensive Medicine for more videos.
MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine)
